福建登陆北上台风对杭州影响的对比分析

利用自动站观测资料、探空资料和全球预测系统（global forecast system，GFS）分析资料，结合统计分析、合成分析、对比分析以及物理量诊断等方法，对5个福建登陆北上并严重影响杭州的台风进行了分析，结果表明：（1）福建登陆北上影响杭州的5个台风可以分为两类，一类是福建登陆北上越过30°N（北上台风），另一类是刚进入浙南就减弱为低压（1010号莫兰蒂台风）。北上台风对杭州造成了大风和暴雨双重影响，而1010号莫兰蒂台风主要带来的是暴雨。（2）在北上台风对杭州产生较大影响时，其合成台风中心位于福建中部地区，东南风低空急流和偏南风低空急流显著，杭州处于台风环流第一象限两支急流的交汇处，利于产生暴雨、大风；而在1010号莫兰蒂台风对杭州产生较大影响时已减弱为热带低压环流，其北部倒槽与西风带冷空气相结合是产生特大暴雨的主要原因，低压环流与副高之间的偏南风急流也有利于暴雨形成。（3）两类台风虽然部分指数和空间热动力结构相近，但北上台风的水汽条件和动力条件更好，而1010号莫兰蒂台风在冷空气切入和斜压性增强作用下，具备更高的对流有效位能，出现对流性强降水的可能性更大。     

Evolution of vortices in the wake of an ARJ21 airplane: Application of the lift-drag model

Wake separation is crucial to aircraft landing safety and is an important factor in airport operational efficiency. The near-ground evolution characteristics of wake vortices form the foundation of the wake separation system design. In this study, we analysed the near-ground evolution of vortices in the wake of a domestic aircraft ARJ21 initialised by the lift-drag model using large eddy simulations based on an adaptive mesh. Evolution of wake vortices formed by the main wing, flap and horizontal tail was discussed in detail. The horizontal tail vortices are the weakest and dissipate rapidly, whereas the flap vortices are the strongest and induce the tip vortex to merge with them. The horizontal tail and flap of an ARJ21 do not significantly influence the circulation evolution, height change and movement trajectory of the wake vortices. The far-field evolution of wake vortices can therefore be analysed using the conventional wake vortex model.     

化学实验操作技能测试评分者效应研究*

基于Rasch模型对化学实验操作技能测试的评分者效应开展研究。通过对Infit、Outfit、t、怀特图和宽严度波动图等的分析,研究测试中评委的宽严度、内部一致性、外部一致性以及评委与考生间的偏差规律。得到系列减弱化学实验操作技能测试中评分者效应的建议。     

A sufficient condition for stability using slopes of isoclines in planar mappings

Coupled planar maps are often parameter dependent, with the stability of their fixed points depending on the values of the parameters chosen. As the magnitude of the eigenvalues is difficult to determine when the number of parameters is large, one commonly uses instead the Jury conditions for the Jacobian, but even this can present difficulties. In this paper, we will show a simpler sufficient criteria for local asymptotic stability that follows by comparing slopes of isoclines.     

Phase diagram of two-color QCD matter at finite baryon and axial isospin densities

We study the two-color QCD matter with two fundamental quark flavors using the chiral perturbation theory and the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio(NJL)model.The effective Lagrangian is derived in terms of mesons and baryons,i.e.diquarks.The low lying excitations lie in the extended SU(4)flavor symmetry space.We compute the leading order terms of the Lagrangian as a function of the baryon and axial isospin densities.After numerically solving the gap equations in the two-color NJL model,the phase diagram is obtained in the μ−ν5 plane.     

近红外光谱结合共识模型快速检测果酒的总酚含量

果酒发酵中的多酚是引起果酒口感、颜色变化的重要因素。为保证果酒品质,有必要开发一种快速监测发酵过程中多酚含量变化的技术。收集不同批次成熟期的蓝莓、桑葚为原料,分别碾压成汁,同时按比例混合二者,于小型发酵罐进行发酵。通过离线收集不同发酵时段的发酵液于离心管,高速离心后取上清液置于棕色瓶保存,共计得到48个果酒发酵样本。将上清液置于三个平行样比色皿,以傅里叶快速变换近红外光谱仪(FT-NIR)采集其透射光谱,取平均值作为该样本的光谱信号。然后将棕色瓶内的发酵液以国标法(即以标准液的吸光度值制定标准曲线)测定各样品的总酚含量,以duplex法计算样本光谱之间的距离且按2∶1的比例划分为训练集和预测集。采用间隔偏最小二乘法(iPLS)将训练集样本的透射光谱与总酚含量之间构建定量模型,间隔数从2依次变化到60个。该研究创新之处是使用共识方法融合多个已构建好的iPLS成员模型,按一定的共识规则分配权系数。通过各成员模型交互验证的残差及其残差之间的相关性来优化各成员模型的线性组合,以拉格朗日乘数法求解各成员模型的权系数,使间隔偏最小二乘-共识模型(consensual iPLS,CiPLS)的交互验证均方根误差最小。相比于全局PLS模型、划分不同间隔数量时的iPLS模型,CiPLS均具有较小的预测误差。当划分39个间隔时由三个iPLS成员模型(即14th,16th,18th)组成的共识模型误差最小为124.2,交互验证相关系数为0.944,对预测集样本的预测均方根误差为163.4,预测相关系数为0.931,预测性能均优于PLS和iPLS模型。另外,作为对比选用连续投影算法与无信息变量剔除法来优化光谱模型,其预测性能均不及本文提出的共识模型。分析各iPLS模型预测残差之间的相关性,发现共识模型主要是融合那些具有较高预测性能且模型间较低相关性的成员模型。结果表明,光谱分析结合共识方法可提高回归模型的预测精度、减少建模所需变量数,能够用于果酒总酚含量的离线快速检测。     

基于路径选择的深海水下运动目标被动深度估计

深海水下运动目标的深度估计是目标分辨与识别中的重要一环。基于深海运动目标在深海中的直达波与海面反射波的到达时延与位置之间的关系，寻找时延图上运动目标的候选路径，利用候选路径模拟目标的运动路径，提出了一种可用单水听器实现的水下运动目标深度估计方法。通过用候选路径的估计时延与实际接收时延的比较对路径进行筛选，从而减少了需要的位置先验信息。2018年在南海进行的深海实验数据处理的结果表明该估计方法可行，对于实验中距离15km以内的拖曳声源，深度相对估计误差可以达到15%以内。     

Time-resolved photoluminescence study of excited states in nanostructured melanin

Abstract

Time resolved emission spectra (TRES), 3D maps of photoluminescence excitation-emission (PLE maps), 3D maps of TRES, and kinetics of photoluminescence (PL) spectra of natural and synthetic melanin, as well as melanin composites with surfactant, sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate, have been studied. The kinetics of PL and TRES for the melanin and the composites were investigated at low temperatures that allowed to discuss melanin’s intermolecular complexation, nano-aggregation and formation of charge transfer states. Particularly, the radiation of Frenkel excitons from fragments of different degrees of conjugation that are the parts of molecular nanodisks of melanin is observed. Furthermore, charge transfer excitons (CT-excitons) can be formed and observed at both room and helium temperatures. Some bands in the PL spectra of melanin, depending on temperature, behave like excimer radiation. The studies are aiming to understand the electronic properties of various melanins, particularly natural ones.